The-Flea-《跳蚤》

英国文学经典阅读·作品文本研究PPTUnit4ThefleaConceit(奇喻)MetaphysicalPoetryTranslationofTheFleaSummaryofTheFleaContent:1.IntroductiontoJohnDonne2.3.4.5.IntroductiontoJohnDonne●TheleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschoolDonnewasborninLondontoaprominentRomanCatholicfamily.Attheageof11heenteredtheUniversityofOxford,wherehestudiedforthreeyears.Accordingtosomeaccounts,hespentthenextthreeyearsattheUniversityofCambridgebuttooknodegreeateitheruniversity.HebeganthestudyoflawatLincoln'sInn,London,in1592,andheseemeddestinedforalegalordiplomaticcareer.DonnewasappointedprivatesecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,KeeperoftheGreatSeal,in1598.Hissecretmarriagein1601toEgerton'sniece,AnneMore,resultedinhisdismissalfromthispositionandinabriefimprisonment.DuringthenextfewyearsDonnemadeameagerlivingasalawyer.◆Donne'sprincipalliteraryaccomplishmentsduringthisperiodwereDivinePoems(1607)andtheproseworkBiathanatos(c.1608,posthumouslypublished1644),ahalf-seriousextenuationofsuicides,inwhichhearguedthatsuicideisnotintrinsicallysinful.◆DonnebecameapriestoftheAnglicanChurchin1615andwasappointedroyalchaplainlaterthatyear.◆In1621hewasnameddeanofSt.Paul'sCathedral.Heattainedeminenceasapreacher,deliveringsermonsthatareregardedasthemostbrilliantandeloquentofhistime.◆SummaryofTheFleaThispoemisaboutthespeakerusedafleaasabridgethatmadehimandhismistresscombinetobecomeone.Thelistenerthouwashislover.Helovedherverymuchandevenwantstomakelovewithher,butshedidn't.◆TranslationofTheFlea跳蚤约翰·邓恩看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；它先叮我，现在又叮你，我们的血液在它体内溶和；你知道这是不能言说的罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，它没有向我们请求就得到享受，饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，这种享受我们无能企及。Markbutthisflea,andmarkinthis,Howlittlethatwhichthou[1]deniestmeis;Meitsuckedfirstandnowsucksthee[2],Andinthisfleaourtwobloodsmingledbe[3];Thouknow'stthatthiscannotbesaidAsin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead,Yetthisenjoysbeforeitwoo,Andpamperedswellswithonebloodmadeoftwo,Andthis,alas,ismorethanwewoulddo.•Ohstay,threelivesinonefleaspare[4],•Wherewealmost,naymorethanmarriedare.•ThisfleaisyouandI,andthis•Ourmarriagebedandmarriagetempleis;•Thoughparentsgrudge[5],andyou,wearemet,•Andcloisteredintheselivingwallsofjet.•Thoughuse[6]makeyouapttokillme•Letnottothat,self-murderaddedbe,•Andsacrilege[7],threesinsinkillingthree.–住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，–它的身体不只是见证我们的婚约。–还是你和我，我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；–父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇，–并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。–尽管你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，–千万别，这会杀了我，也增加你的自杀之罪，–杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。•Cruelandsudden,hast[8]thousince•Purpledthynail[9]inbloodofinnocence?•Whereincouldthisfleaguiltybe,•Exceptinthatdropwhichitsuckedfromthee?•Yetthoutriumph'st,andsay'stthatthou•Find'stnotthyselfnormetheweakernow;•'Tistrue;thenlearnhowfalsefearsbe:•Justsomuchhonor,whenthouyield'sttome,•Willwaste,asthisflea'sdeathtooklifefromthee.•多么残忍，你毫无犹豫•用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？•它不过吸了你一滴血•罪不至死啊？•你却以胜利者的口吻说•你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；•的确，担心不过是虚惊一场：•接受我的爱，•你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，•就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。◆MetaphysicalPoetry–MetaphysicalPoetryischaracterizedbyfantasticallymysticism.•Metaphysicalpoetryisakindofrealistic,oftenironicandwitty,versecombingintellectualingenuityandpsychologicalinsightwrittenpartlyinreactiontotheconventionsofElizabethanlovepoetrybysuchseventeenth-centurypoetsasJohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert,RichardCrashaw,ThomasTraverse,andAndrewMarvell.•TheMetaphysicalwereoutofcriticalfavorforthe18thand19thcenturies(obviously,theRomanticpoetsfoundlittleinthisheavilyintellectualizedpoetry).•Attheendofthe19thcenturyandinthebeginningofthe20thcentury,interestinthisgrouppickedup,andespeciallyimportantwasT.S.Eliot'sfamousessayTheMetaphysicalPoets(1921).•InterestpeakedthiscenturywiththeNewCriticsschoolaroundmid-century,andnowistemperingoffabit,thoughDonne,theoriginalBigNameisbeingsupercedednowbyinterestinGeorgeHerbert,who'sreligiousseekingandquestioningseemstobehittingacriticalnerve.◆Conceit•JohnDonne,oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresamongMetaphysicalpoets,hasbeenfamousforhisspecialuseofconceit.ThisthesisendeavorstomakeabriefstudyonthecharacteristicsofDonne’sconceitsinTheFlea.•PartOneexplorestherepresentativedifferentviewpointsaboutconceitasaliterarydeviceandthespecialtiesofeachtheoryintheanalysisofDonne’sconceits.Inthispart,conceitismoreattachedtoTreasure’s“TheoryofConceit”connectedwithitsorigin,anditsuniquenessasaliterarydevice.•PartTwoadoptsanotheraspectofTesauro’s“TheoryofConceit”.ItexploreshowDonneusesimagestoexpresshiscontradictoryfeeling.•ItanalysessometypicalexamplesinDonne’sSongsandSonnets.Itdividestheimagerymainlyintothreeaspects:lifeanddeath,secularanddivine,scienceandtheology.Donne’sPoetryisamirrorofthecommonfeelingofhumanbeingwhichfocusestheintellectandemotioninhispoetry.•PartThreeisdevotedtoanalyzingthetwoimportantthemesinDonne’sTheFleawomenandlove.•Fromtheanalysisoftheconceitwithinthetwothemes,thethesisrevealstheuniqueviewpointsreflectedinDonne’sconceits.ItistheconceitthatmakeshispoetryuniqueandstrikingwithintheElizabethanliterarytraditionThankyou！