名词性从句讲义

1名词性从句讲解1基础知识由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句相当于名词，可以作主语，宾语，表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。如：Ibelievewhathesaid.Itremainstobeseenwhetherthisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.名词性从句的种类种类作用例句主语从句在复合句中作主语，相当于名词，置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放后Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmatter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomornot.宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词宾语，相当于名词。Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatyouhavedone.表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词后。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.同位语从句放在抽象名词（news,idea,fact,advice,hope等）之后表明其具体内容。Myfathergavemeapromisethathewouldbuymeabike.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprised.名词性从句的基本用法名词性从句就是用三种句子（陈述句、一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句）来分别充当另一个句子的四种不同句子成分（主语、宾语、表语和同位语）。理解这一本质，是解决名词性从句的关键。名词性从句连接词对应简单句连接词的词义和成分连接词是否可省略连词that陈述句that无词义，在从句中不作成分。宾语从句中that有时可以省略连词whether和if一般疑问句whether和if不作成分，但具有“是否”的含义。（if只用在宾语从句中）。不能省略，因为有“是否”含义。连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose特殊疑问句who,whom,what,which,在句中作主语、宾语或表语；what,which,whose还可以作定语，后接名词一起作从句中的某一成分。不能省略，因为它们都保留各自的疑问含义，既起连接作用，又在从句中充当一定的句子成分。连接副词when,where,how,whywhen,where,how,why在从句中分别作时间、地点、方式和原因状语。除以上连词外，还有wh-+ever类：whoever,whomever,whatever和whichever等。2三种句子充当名词性从句时的结构变化：①陈述句作成分时，需要在句首加that;②一般疑问句作成分时，需要将疑问句变成陈述语序，然后在句首加上whether或if，以保留原句的意义（if只用在宾语从句中）；③用特殊疑问句作成分时，只需将疑问句转换成陈述语序。要学会分析疑问词的成分。如：Ihavenoideawhentheywillvisitourschool;wehavegoteverythingready.WhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectandwhetheritisroughorsmooth.一、名词性从句的连词用法名词性从句的连接词有从属连接词、连接代词和连接副词。考点一从属连接词1.that无词义，不做成分；that引导宾语从句时可省略，但引导的并列的宾语从句时，后一个that不可以省略。ThatanearthquakehappenedinSichuanshockedalltheChinesepeople.Hesaid(that)hehadbeenworkingherefortenyearsandthathewantedtogohome.2.whether/if“是否”，不作成分，不省略。Thehaven'tknownif/whethertheyhandintheirhomework.注意：以下情况中用whether不用if⑴.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句中。⑵.与ornot直接连用时。⑶.与不定式连用时。HewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedtheEnglishexam.Idon'tknowwhethertogoornot.Whetheritwillraintomorrowisunknown.3.because“因为”，asif/though“好像”，可引导表语从句，不作成分。Hissuccessisbecauseheworkshard.【反馈练习】用正确的词填空1.It’snosurprise__________ourteamhaswonthegame.2.Idon’tcare__________ornotshecomes.3.Itlooks__________itisgoingtorain.4.Iconsideritnecessary__________heshouldimprovehispronunciation.5.That’s__________hedidn’tworkhardenough,sohefailsagain.考点二连接代词连接代词有特殊疑问词who,whom,whose,what,which以及疑问词-ever。它们有词义，在句子中作主语，表语，宾语或定语。1.who“谁”，可作主语或宾语；whom“谁”，可作宾语；whose“谁的”可作定语或表语，指人;which“哪一个”，可作主语、宾语或表语。Iwonderwho/whomhewillinvitetohiswedding.Wholetoutthesecretremainsunknown.Whoeverletoutthesecretwillbepunished.2.what在从句可作主语，宾语或表语。what的六种常考用法如下：3①……的事/物/话。如：Doyourememberwhatshesaidatthemeeting.②……的样子。如：Chinaisnolongerwhatshewas30yearsago.③……的时间。如：Afterwhatseemedliketwohours,wearrivedthere.④……的地点。如：Lastweekshemadeatriptowhatwasonceabattlefield.⑤……的数目。如：Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago.⑥……的人物。如：Heiswhatisknownasahacker—helikestoattackwebsite.另外，what还可以感叹名词，“多么”。ItoldmyfamilywhatagreattimeIhadinBeijing.【反馈练习】用正确的词填空1.Weareworryingabout__________weshoulddonext.2.Ithasnotdecidedyet__________willhostthemeeting.3.__________didthejobmustberewarded.4.Iwanttoknow__________bikeitis.5.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake_____itis.6.______mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.7.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?考点三连接副词连接副词有特殊疑问词where,when,why，how以及疑问词-ever。它们有词义，在句子中作状语。1.where“什么地方”，“…的地方”TheschooliswhereIonceworked.2.when“什么时候”Idon'tknowwhenhewillreturn.3.why“为什么”，“…的原因”Whyhewaslateforschoolwasthathemissedthebus.4.how“怎样”，“…的办法”；感叹形容词或副词时，“多么”。Thisishowweovercamethedifficulties.Weoftentalkabouthowimportantitistomasteralanguage.【反馈练习】用正确的词填空1.Ican’timagine__________hedidit.2.Itmakesnodifference__________weshallhavethemeetingtomorrow.3.Youcan’timagine__________difficultitwastosolvetheproblem.4.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.5.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas______wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.6.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand______theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.7.Parentsaretaughttounderstand______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.二、名词性从句的种类考点一主语从句1.主语从句+谓语+其他成分。如：Whathesaidmovedme.42.It+be+形容词/名词/过去分词+主语从句。如：Itisclearthattheearoftheelephantislikeahugefan.ItissaidthatTomwillstudyabroad.【反馈练习】1._____parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.2.Ithasbeenproved_____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.3.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.4.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.5.______isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastrongereconomy.It考点二宾语从句1.动词后接宾语从句。Youcantakewhateveryouwant.2.动词后接宾语补足语时，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在句末。“动词+it+宾补（形容词/名词）+宾语从句”。Ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.3.介词后接宾语从句。that引导的宾语从句除在except，but，in后作宾语外，一般不跟在介词后。inthat“由于”。Hegoestoschoolonfooteverydayexceptwhenitrains.【反馈练习】单项填空1.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof_____youread.2.Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessabout