首尔等城市以公共交通导向TOD的开发政策简介

IntroductionofTransit-OrientedDevelopmentPoliciesinsomecities~TODinSeoul~Group6:PreesanRakwatinNaokiWatanabeTakahiroYonemuraSeoulSurface605.77km2Population10million(20millioninSeoulmetropolitanarea[SMA])Populationdensity17,046(person/km2)→HighGDPUS$605billionTotalpassengercar9millioncarsHistoryBefore1900population:only0.3million1934Koreanurbandistrictplaninnovationofnewland-usezoninglaws1950theKoreanwarpopulationconcentrationtoSeouldefectivehouseswerebuiltonthesuburbhills1962cityplanninglawwasestablished4kindsofzoningweresetdeliberatedevelopmentofurbandistricts1971revisionofcityplanninglawGreenbeltwassetagainstsprawlingandtheattackbytheNorth19741stsubwaylinewasbuilt1976urbanrenewallawwasestablishedtosolvetheproblemofdefectivehousesarea1981basiccityplanningsystemagoverrnment-ledlargescalelanddevelopmentprojectdesign(20years)long-termvision1980sthepopulationgrowthinthesuburbsagoverrnment-ledlarge-scalelanddevelopmentprojectdesignbeganfivenewtowndevelopmentinGreenbelt→theproblemisthataccesstocitycenterislimitedonlybyroadnetworkCityplanninginSeoulPopulationgrowthCityPlanningRoadnetworkSomecommercialareasaredevelopingalongthemainroads.→It’sbecausemainpublictransitsaretraditionallybussystems.Thisistheexampleofroads’makingthecommercialareas.CityplanningrelatedprojectCitydevelopment・landsubdividingprojects(extensivelyconductedin1960sand1970s)・Intheearly1980s,thecivicsectorleadingprojecthaveprovenlimited→4regions(Sanggye,Godeok,Mok-dong,andSuseo)havebeenchangedfromnaturalgreenareastoresidentialarea.Cityrenewalproject・downtownstreetrearrangementsandstrengtheningitsbusinessfunction・HousingrenewalprojectsandhousingenvironmentimprovementprogramsNewtownsproject5newtownswerebuiltintheGreenbelt(1989)ThepurposeistosatisfytheshortageofhousingincitycenterRecentsituationofSeoulIncreaseofthepopulationinsuburbsex)fivenewtowndevelopmentinGreenbelt→increasedemandofaccessfromsuburbstocitycentertheproblemistheshortageofpublictransitservicesTrafficcongestioncarholdersareincreasingAveragespeedofcars(km/h)Tosolvetheproblem,Seoultrytoimprovetheexistedpublictransportationsystems.(Railwaysandbussystem)Transportationsystem(Bus)Busreform(BMS)Passengertrafficshare:30%ThetriggerischangeofthetrafficflowbytheCheonggyecheonprojectThepurposeismitigationofthetrafficjamandpromotionofpublictransportationuseoperation・Reorganizationofbuscompanies（into4colors)・ITtechnology→makeiteasyforpeopletogettherealtimeinformation・Busonlylane・transportincooperationwithsubwaylineInKoreamanagersofbusesandsubwaysaredifferentThecooperationisneeded.・TheystillhavethelinesfromsuburbstocitycenterThebusesplaysanimportantroleaslong-distanttransportsTransportationsystem(Railway)Passengertrafficshare:35%Historyofrailwaysystem1971-19854lineswerebuilt(118km)1989-1999another4linestoextendtheexistedlines(160km)1999-20104newlinesareunderconstruction(120km)The9thlinewasmanagedbytheprivatecompany(1st-8thlinesweremanagedbypubicsectors)goalshare:over70%(withbuses)tosolvetheroadcongestiontosecuretheaccesstosuburbsforecologyHistoryofsubwaysisrelativelynewHistoricallythebusesareheavilyusedaspublictransitsinSeoulMostoftherailwaysaresubwayandtheydon’thavesurfacerailwaysinthecitycenter.RecentTODinSeoulRedevelopmentofthecitycenter・InSeoul,thebussystemsaretraditionallymainpublictransits→thecommercialareasweredevelopedalongtheroadsroadCommercialarea・Recentlythesubwayarehighlyused→thecommercialareasweredevelopedaroundstationsstationsubwayCommercialareaRecentTODinSeoul(2)Onenewformofredevelopmentaroundstationsistheconstructionofbuildingsusedforbothcommercialandresidentialuses・peoplecanlivenearthestationsotheycangotostationonfootRecentlyinKorea,thiskindofapartmentsareverypopularandthedemandsareincreasingstationcommercialresidentialTheyneedtoredeveloparoundstationsRecentTODinSeoul(3)Suburbareasstillhaveseriousproblemsex)fivenewtowndevelopmentinGreenbeltCitycenterBuslinerailwayNewtown1.Wherethenewtownswereconstructedafterthepublictransitsdeveloped→Therateofpublictransituseishigh(successfulcase)2.Wherethenewtownswereconstructedbeforethepublictransitsdeveloped→Therateofpublictransituseislow(failurecase)BecausepeoplehavealreadyboughttheirowncartocommuteInaddition,tocommutebycarsisfasterthanbypublictransitsThecooperationbetweenconstructionsofnewtownsandpublictransitsisveryimportantConclusionThecharacteristicofpublictransitsinSeoulisthatbusesaretraditionallyusedasmainpublictransitsandnowthebusesandsubwaysareusedtogetherItisaveryrarecasetousebusesasthelong-distancetransit(InSeoul,busesplayarolelikeLRT)TherelationshipbetweenlanduseandpublictransitsisveryimportantforachievementofTOD→needthelong-termvisionWhenweconstructthenewtowns,weneedtoconsiderthepublictransitsandtosecuretheaccesstothecenterofthecityIntroductionofTransit-OrientedUrbanDevelopmentPoliciesinsomecitiesGroup6:PreesanRakwatinNaokiWatanabeTakahiroYonemura2004/12/13WhatisTOD(Transit-OrientedDevelopment)?TODisawaytolocatepeopleneartransitservicesandtodecreasetheirdependenceondriving.Excessivedependenceontheus