英国文学选读--复习资料-罗经国

Chapter11.Earliestsettlers---Celts2.55B.C.TO407A.D.---RomanEmpire(Londonwasfounded)3.演变Celts-Romans–Anglo-Saxon–English4.JuliusCaesar,thefirstgeneralcametoBritish5.500A.D.THEfounderofthekingdomwessex,theCeltsKingArthur.Hisfollowers,whowereknowastheKnightsoftheRoundTable,fightfortheirkingdomagainsttheASinvaders.6.9thcentury,KingAlfred,thegreatofWessexleadtheASkingstodefeattheinvadersbyunitingtheirforces.7.Alongepicpoetry长篇叙事诗BeowulfA.theearliestheroicpoetryB.themostsignificantpoetryC.existedinoralformasearlyasthe6thcenturyD.BeowulfisamixtureofpaganismandChristianelements8.DifferencebetweenOldEngpoetry,laterpoetryistechnicalstructure9.TherearetwopoeticfeaturesofOldEnglishpoetry:alliterationandkenning.Chapter3AgeofChaucer1.TheHundreds’YearsWarisanawakeningofnationalConsciousnessinENG,theFrenchheroineJoanofArc贞德2.GeoffreyChaucer(BuriedinthePoets’ConnerinWestminsterAbbey)A.FatherofEngpoetryB.TheworkofGeoffreyChaucer○1influencedbyFrenchliteratureTheBookoftheDuchess○2influencedbyBoccaccioTraviusandCryseyde○3TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集Thegeneralprologue总序isthebestpartofit.3.thesignificancesofTheCanterburyTalesA.GivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stimeB.Thedramaticstructureofthepoemhasbeenhighlycommended高度赞赏33bycriticsC.GeoffreyChaucer’shumorD.Chaucer’scontributiontoENGlanguageE.PerhapsthegreatestworkinMiddleEnglish4.JohnWycliffA.fatherofENGproseB.oneofthefirstfigureswhodemandedtoreformchurchC.theonetranslateBibleintostandardENG5.WilliamLanglandSirGawainGreenKnightsTheVisionofPiersPlowmanChapter41.maineventsA.ThewaroftheRose,thethirtyYearsWar(thehouseofLancaster/Red,thehouseofYork)B.ThediscoveryofAmericanandthenewsearoutesC.Reformationofchurch.HenryⅧfoundtheAnglicanChurch,breakawayfromthechurchofRome.2.Ballad:anarrativepoemthattellsastory3.CharactersofBalladsA.thebeginningisoftenabruptB.havestrongdramaticelementsC.thestoryistoldthroughdialogueandactionD.thethemeisoftentragicE.themeter格律isused(containsfour-linestanzas,theoddnumberedline奇数fourfeet,theevennumberedline偶数threefeet.Rhymesfallontheevennumberedlines.)4.BalladsA.RobinHoodAlegendaryherolivingduringthereignofRichardtheLionHeated金雀花王朝B.TheDeathofKingArthurBySirThomasMalloryprefectthekingArthur5.EarlyENGPlays(the14th)developedinto(mysteryPlays神秘剧，miracleplays奇迹剧)6.Theflourishingofdramathereason:nootherentertainment,bothrichandpoorcangotothereChapter5英国文学史上三次高潮15thENGRenaissance—19th上Romantic—19th下Victoria1.TheBackgroundQueenElizabeth,defeattheSpanishArmada无敌舰队,mightynavalpower强有力的海军.2.Humanism人文主义Rebirth(文艺复兴的时代精神)HumanismRenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”inENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观AccordingtotheHumanistscholarsitwasagainsthumannatureto○1sacrificethehappinessofthelifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthat○2manshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife.Inreligiontheydemandedthereformationofthechurch,Inartandliteration,insteadofhappinessinhislife.Humanismshatteredtheshacklesofspiritualbondageofman’smindbytheRomancatholicchurchandopenedhiseyesto“abravenewworld”infrontofhim.4.EdmundSpenserTheFaerieQueen5.TheUniversityWitsA.RobertGreeneB.ThomasKydTheSpanishTragedyC.ChristopherMarloweThetragicHistoryofDoctorFaustusTheblankVerse无韵诗Unrhymediambicpentameter6.WilliamShakespeareA.发展○1Earlyyearsofhisapprenticeship学徒期○2Growthanddevelopment○3gloomanddepression○4restoredserenityB.achievement○1representedthetrendofhistoryingivingwritetothedesiresandaspirationofpeople○2S’humanism:Hehadfirmbeliefinthemobilityofhumannatureandinthepoweroflove○3S’characterization,S’charactersareround丰满的而非flatter扁平○4originality○5asagreatpoetinsonnets○6masteroftheEnglanguage7.FourTragedy:Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,TheTragedyofMacbeth8.Sonnets(Italy/Petrarch’s—thefirstone,S’s)A.definitionAshortsongintheoriginalmeaningofthewordbecomeapoetof14lines.Usuallyiniambicpentameter抑扬格五音步withvariousrhymingschemes.B.Sonnet,3quatrains,1couplet(Shakespeare’sMr.W.HDarkLady)9.S’ssonnetsaredifferentfromPetrach’s.Petrach’ssonnetsisdividedintoanoctave(八音)whichtypicallyrhymesabbaabba,andasestet,whichmayhavevaryingrhymeschemes.Shakespeare’ssonnets(Englishsonnets)consistsof3quatrainsand1couplet,whichtypicallyrhymeababcdcdefefgg.endswithasurprisedconclusionorashiftofideas.Petrachabbaabba/cdecdeShakespeareababcdcdefef/gg10.Hamlet—Humanist(melancholy忧郁procrastination优柔寡断)Chapter6FromAgeofElizabethtoGloriousRevolution1.Background(theENGbourgeoisrevolution资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，Anglicanchurch与PuritanicalChurch)2.GloriousRevolution1688In1688,WilliamsignedTheBillofRightspresentedbyParliament,whichgreatlyrestrictedthepowerofEnglishKinghencefourENGLANDhasbecomeacountryofconstitutionalmonarchy.君主立宪制3.TheKingJamesBibleof1611OldTestamentinHebrewsNewTestamentinGreekTheearliestEnglishtranslationsoftheBibledatebacktoCaedmon,BadeandKingAlfred.4.FrancisBacon.PraisedbyMarxas“thepioneerofEngMaterialism唯心主义”5.OfStudies目的：Studiesservefordelight,forornament,forability.功效：Historymakemanwise;poetrywitly;mathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.方法：Booksareabletobetasked,o