定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：表时间的名词+when+定语从句time,day,hour,yearwhen指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.表地点的名词+where+定语从句place,room,housewhere指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句：ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在现代英语中why可以省略)上句也可以这样表示：ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.又如：Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，whyThefactory________Ivisitedisnotfarfromhere.诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____Ivisited,2.假设可填入which，whichIvisited,which指代factory3.看定语从句是否完整；Ivisitedthefactory。很完整，which正确，或thatThefactory________Iworkisnotfarfromhere.1.___Iwork2.whichIwork,,,,which指代factory3.看定语从句是否完整Iworkthefactory.Iworkinthefactory，可见缺少in4.因此应该是inwhichIwork=whereIwork*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.*Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.**Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.**Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.***Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.***Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)Thisisthepark_________youtookphotoslastSunday.Thatwasthereason________hewaslateforschool.DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)Thehousewhichhelivesinneedsrepairing.Thehouseinwhichhelivesneedsrepairing.Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing．ThedaywhenMandelahelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim?ThedayonwhichMandelahelpedhimwasthehappiestdayforJim有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.3）以下名词之后也通常用where/inwhich引导的定语从句：situation(形势),case（情况,病例，案例）,position（位置，境地）。occasion（场合）等等。ThisisthepointwhereIdon'tagree.Theyareinsuchasituationwhereeverythingisoutoforder.ThepolicearelookingintothecasewheretwoVIPswerekilled.Theyweresomeoccasionswherewehavetotellsomewhitelies.4)“that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when,where、why”和“介词+which”结构，尤其在“thetimewhen”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.ThisismysecondtimeIhavecometoyourcountry.5)“which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,whichadvicehedidnotfollow.