一、名词和冠词

︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语一、名词和冠词︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语语法精讲一、名词考点一名词的数1.物质名词(如:air,water,milk,paper,money)和抽象名词(如:happiness,health,knowledge,traffic)一般都是不可数名词。特别提示①要熟记下列名词,它们在英语中一般是不可数名词:advice,baggage/luggage,furniture,equipment,fun,weather,information,luck,progress,work,homework,news,word(消息)等。︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语②有些词,以及一些学科名词,虽然以“s”结尾,但意义上却是单数。如:news新闻;politics政治;mathematics数学;physics物理。③有些词,通常只有复数形式。如:compasses圆规;glasses眼镜;parents父母亲;shoes鞋;slippers拖鞋;trousers裤子;twins双胞胎;amusements娱乐活动;ashes灰烬;brains头脑;congratulations祝贺;indozens成打地;doexercises做操;furs皮毛;Goodheavens!天哪!jaws嘴巴;jewels首饰;mountains山脉;movements活动情况;muscles肌肉;nobles贵族;take/makenotes记笔记;plastics塑料制品;inrags衣衫褴褛;makerepairs修理;resources资源;inhighspirits情绪高昂;stairs楼梯;taketurns轮流;tears眼泪;tensofthousandsof好几万;thanks感谢;troops部队。︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语④有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器;cloth布/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物;green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩;time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/words话语;work工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语2.不可数名词常用(a)little,much,agreatdealof等修饰,可数名词常用(a)few,many,anumberof等修饰。alotof,lotsof,plentyof可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。3.抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。difficulty困难;adifficulty一件难事failure失败;afailure一个失败者;一件失败的事success成功;asuccess一位成功者;一件成功的事surprise惊奇;asurprise一件令人吃惊的事honour荣誉;anhonour一位带来荣誉的人,一件带来荣誉的事Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。Hisnewbookwasagreatsuccess.他的新书非常成功。︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语4.单数名词变为复数名词一般情况加-s,以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es。以ce,se,ze等结尾加-s。其他名词复数的变化如下:(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加-s,但下列名词要加-es,它们是:hero,echo,potato,tomato[记忆口诀]英雄．．在回声．．中吃土豆．．、西红柿．．．即heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般f或fe去掉加-ves,它们是:self,life,thief,wife,knife,leaf,shelf,wolf,half[记忆口诀]为了自己．．活命．,小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子．．和树叶．．站在架子．．上,把狼．劈成两半．。但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s,它们是roof,chief,belief,safe[记忆口诀]屋顶．．上的首领信仰保险箱．．．．．．．。(3)“man/woman+n.”变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。menteachers男老师womenengineers女工程师︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语考点二名词的构词法1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ence,-anceexist→existence存在occur→occurrence发生refer→reference查阅/参考prefer→preference更喜欢/偏好differ→difference不同accept→acceptance接受appear→appearance出现/外表perform→performance履行resist→resistance抵制guide→guidance指导enter→entrance进入insure→insurance保险assist→assistance帮助endure→endurance/tolerate—tolerance忍受︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-sionproduce→production生产introduce→introduction介绍consume→consumption消费reduce→reduction减少assume→assumption/suppose→supposition认为/假设destroy→destruction毁灭describe→description描写interrupt→interruption打断adopt→adoption采纳/收养prevent→prevention防止receive→reception接收/接待处solve→solution解决evolve→evolution进化suggest→suggestion建议edit→edition编辑/版本exhibit→exhibition展览intend→intention打算/意图recognize→recognition认出define→definition解释/定义︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-sionprotect→protection保护direct→direction方向/指导instruct→instruction指令construct→construction建设inject→injection注射infect→infection感染reject→rejection驳斥object→objection/oppose→opposition反对connect→connection连接collect→collection收集correct→correction纠正inspect→inspection视察select→selection挑选elect→election选举restrict→restriction限制contradict→contradiction抵触/矛盾︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-sionreserve→reservation保留preserve→preservation保存conserve→conservation保护observe→observation观察starve→starvation挨饿organize→organization组织civilize→civilization文明realize→realization认识examine→examination考试determine→determination决定form→formation形成inform→information通知imagine→imagination想象transport→transportation运输invite→invitation邀请expect→expectation期待tempt→temptation诱惑adapt→adaptation改编/适应immigrate→immigration移民imitate→imitation模仿︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-sionprepare→preparation准备explore→exploration探索consider→consideration考虑declare→declaration宣布decorate→decoration装饰inspire→inspiration激发/灵感relax→relaxation放松/休闲communicate→communication交流occupy→occupation占用/职业satisfy→satisfaction满足apply→application申请/应用imply→implication暗示recommend→recommendation推荐interpret→interpretation口译/理解combine→combination结合operate→operation操作/手术︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-sionhesitate→hesitation犹豫educate→education教育locate→location定位indicate→indication指出participate→participation参加calculate→calculation计算appreciate→appreciation欣赏/感激associate→association联想/协会separate→separation分离hibernate→hibernation冬眠compensate→compensation赔偿investigate→investigation调查celebrate→celebration庆祝congratulate→congratulation祝贺︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-siontranslate→translation翻译accumulate→accumulation积累accelerate→acceleration加速donate→donation捐赠liberate→liberation解放motivate→motivation动力innovate→innovation革新concentrate→concentration集中demonstrate→demonstration游行/示威contribute→contribution贡献distribute→distribution分发promote→promotion促进devote→devotion/dedicate→dedication致力︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语-tion,-sionfrustrate→frustration/depress→depression沮丧impress→impression印象express→expression表达possess→possession拥有/财产discuss→discussion讨论expand→expansion扩大extend→extension延伸admit→admission承认permit→permission允许emit→emission排放explode→explosion爆炸conclude→conclusion结论decide→decision决定div