动词不定式的用法(37张PPT)

不定式的用法总结ActiveVoicePassiveVoiceBaseformtodotobedonePerfectformtohavedonetohavebeendoneContinuousformtobedoingTensesoftheinfinitiveTwomainkindsofinfinitives•Theto-infinitive&ThebareinfinitivePS:Herepleasepayattentiontotheusageof“to”.Itcanbothfunctionasaprepositionandthesymbolofaninfinitive.beusedtodoingsthusedtodosthFunctionsoftheinfinitiveinthesentences•Subjectofasentence•Object•Objectcomplement•Attribute•Predicative•AdverbialTheinfinitivefunctionsasthesubjectofthesentence.E.G.1.TodecoratetheChristmastreeismytask.2.Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.3.Tobecomealawyerwashischildhooddream.★当不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句子后面保持句子的平衡.a.ItismytasktodecoratetheChristmastree.b.Itisrudetotalkwithyourmouthfull.c.Itishischildhooddreamtobecomealawyer.Theinfinitivefunctionsastheobject.Hemanagedtosolvetheproblembyhimself.Iliketoreadnewspaperarticlesaboutsports.PS:①动词不定式在句中作宾语时,如果带有宾语补足语,要用it作形式宾语Idon’tthinkitrighttodoitinthatway.Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.Theinfinitivefunctionsastheobject.②“疑问代词/疑问副词+不定式”常常用作动词或是介词的宾语Idon’tknowwheretospendmyholiday.Haveyoudecidedwhentomarry?Theinfinitivefunctionsastheobjectcomplement.1•常需要不定式作宾补的动词有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike,love,hate,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,etc通常这样的动词接这样的结构Verb+sb/sth+todosthTheinfinitivefunctionsastheobjectcomplement.1E.G.1.Theteachersdon’tallowustouseE-dictionarywhiledoingreadingcomprehension.2.Iwantyoutoreadthewholepassageagain.Theinfinitivefunctionsastheobjectcomplement.2动词后接不定式+tobe的结构的动词有:Believe,consider,discover,find,judge,prove,think,etc(有时候可以省略tobe)E.G.1.WeallbelieveJordantobethetopbasketballplayerinalltime.2.Iconsiderhimtobeoneofthebestteachersinourschool.TheinfinitivefunctionsAstheattribute.•通常情况下不定式做定语,放在所修饰中心词的后面做后置定语.不定式和定语从句之间实现互换.E.G.1.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.=IhavealotofhomeworkthatIhavetodo.2.Ihavenoonetotalkto.=IhavenoonethatIcantalkto.Theinfinitivefunctionsasthepredicative.•当不定式充当表语的时候,表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作E.G.1.Mywishistobeadoctor.2.Whatshewantstodoistotellyouasecret.3.Hisplanistogoabroadandcontinuehisstudies.Theinfinitivefunctionsasthepredicative.PS:动名词和不定式同样都可以充当表语,两者的区别在于不定式表达是具体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为.1.Hisjobisdeliveringtheletterstotheirdestinations.2.MyjobistolookafterthesisterwhenMomiscooking.Theinfinitivefunctionsastheadverbial.•不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。在这样的语法功能下要注意不定式的逻辑主语和句子主语一致的情况。•作为目的状语时，为了强调在不定式前可以加inorder和soas,inorderto可放在句首，soasto则不可以•作结果状语，常有下列的一些结构so…asto;such…asto;enough…to;too…to;etcTheinfinitivefunctionsastheadverbial.E.G.1.Togetthereontime,Igotupearly.2.Thatdaytheywereseparated,nevertoseeeachotheragain.3.Samwasluckytocatchthefirstbusthatmorning.Bareinfinitive11.使役动词let,have,make后E.G.a.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.b.Iwillletyouseemycomputertomorrow.c.Theteacherhadherstudentsfinishtheworkwithinfiveminutes.Bareinfinitive12.感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等后.注意：被动语态中不能省去to。a.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.b.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.Bareinfinitive2•wouldrather，hadbetter句型后E.G.Idon’tlikethefilm.I’dratherstayathome.•Why…/whynot…句型后•help后可带to，也可不带to,helpsb(to)dosth：•当有and,or,except,but,than,ratherthan连接两个动词不定式的时候,第二个动词不定式常使用成不带to的动词不定式Bareinfinitive2E.G.•IforgottoturnoffthelightsandclosethedoorwhenIleft.•Sandydoesnotwanttostayathomebutgotothecinema.•Wedecidedtostayathomeratherthangotothecinema.ALetter(P9)•1.tothank2.totalk•3.tohave4.e-mail•5.toreceive6.togo•7.watch8.borrow•9.visit10.spend•11.wrote12.tell•13.tosee14.make•15.comeVerb-ingasanounGerundReading(10)•Readthetextandtrytogetmoreinformationaboutv-ing.Verb-ingformscanbeusedasnounsinasentenceandfunction:1.asasubject2.asanobject3.afterprepositions4.afterpossessivepronouns5.incompoundnounsWeuseVerb-ingafterthefollowingwords:•admit;appreciate;avoid;complete;consider;delay;deny;endure;enjoy;escape;fancy;finish;imagine;mind;miss;postpone;practice;recall;resume;resist;risk;suggest;face;include;stand;understand;forgive;keep;etcphrasesusedwithVerb-ingforms:•admitto;prefer…to;beusedto;leadto;devoteoneselfto;objectto;stickto;nogood;nouse;befondof;lookforwardto;beproudof;bebusy;can'thelp;betiredof;becapableof;beafraidof;thinkof;burstout;keepon;insiston;counton;setabout;putoff;begoodat;takeup;giveup;besuccessfulin;etcFourkindsofverbs•后接不定式作宾语的动词want,hope,wish,plan,manage,refuse,learn,etc•后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词enjoy,mind,suggest,practise,imagine,avoid,etcFourkindsofverbs•后接不定式或是V-ing为宾语的动词,但两者差别不大start,begin,etc•后接不定式或是V-ing为宾语的动词,但意思不同try,remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,etcFinishthee-mail(P11)•1.visiting/tovisit•2.chatting3.visiting•4.pretending•5.chatting/tochat•6.stop7.chatting•8.todo9.pass1.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It’stimeforusto____ourstudies.A.getdowntoB.getoutB.C.getbackforD.getoverDA3.Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.ThatB.itC.thisD.him4.LastsummerItookacourseon_____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.how