小升初语法专题---陈述句 6页

小升初语法讲义---句子分类陈述句知识精要1．陈述句句型的理解和综合运用2.肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的变形及应用要点讲练一、陈述句的概念陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。如：I’mastudent.Ilikedogs.I’mnotateacher.二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法陈述句可分为“肯定陈述句”和“否定陈述句”两种，简称为肯定句和否定句。1、肯定句在英语中，一般情况下，肯定句的基本结构为：主+谓+其他，例如：主语一般包括人称代词或名词：I,you,he,she,dog,cat,somebooks等.物主代词：this,that,等。谓语一般就是动词：be动词：is,are,am助动词：do,does行为动词：like,eat等Eg.Mr.WalkerisanEnglishman.华克先生是英国人。Iamatallboy.我是一个高的男孩。Hedoeshishomework.他做他的作业。2、否定句否定句的基本形式包括以下两种：（1）在系动词am,is,are,助动词do,does,did，及情态动词will,would，can,could,may,might,shall,should,must等后面加上“not”。例如：①句子中有be动词,后直接加not，例如：Eg.Iamnot(I’mnot)agoodswimmer.我不是一个游泳的好手。Heisnot(isn’t)adoctor.他不是一个医生Itisnot(isn't)rainingoutside.外面没有在下雨。②情态动词will,would，can,could,may,might,shall,should,must后面加上“not”。例如：Eg.Iwon'tdoitagain.我不再做这种事。Theoldmancannotfindhiswayhome.那个老人找不到回家的路。Icouldn'tsleeplastnight.昨夜我无法入睡。③使用助动词“do”的否定句一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”，句式如下：do（does,did）+not+V（原形动词），肯定句、否定句的互换：非单三时用do,单三时用does肯定句：Ilike否定句：IdonotlikeEnglish.肯定句：HelikesEnglish.否定句：HedoesnotlikeEnglish.Eg.Idon'tknowherverywell.我并不很了解她。Hedoesn'tlikeChineseteaverymuch.他并不很喜欢中国茶。Shedidn'tcometoschoolthismorning.今天早上她没有来上学。Don'tbelievehim.不要相信他的话。小口诀：（2）使用“not”以外的否定词①使用副词：never，seldom，hardly，little，neither等。Eg.Shenevercomestoschoollate.她上学从不迟到。Sheseldomcomestoseeme.她不常来看我。②使用形容词：no,few,little等。Eg.Ihavenobrothers.(=Idon’thavebrothers.)我没有兄弟。1、变否定，找be、can,be、can后边加not2、无be、无can找动词，动词前边加don’t/doesn’t,后面动词用原形Eg:肯定句否定句DavidwatchesTVeveryevening.Daviddoesn’twatchTVeveryevening.Sheisbuyingsomefoodintheshop.Sheisn’tbuyingsomefoodintheshopHecanplaythepiano.Hecan’tplaythepiano.非单三单三HehasfewfriendsinHongKong.他在香港几乎没有朋友。③使用代词：nothing，nobody,none等。Eg.Iknownothingaboutcomputer.对于电脑我一窍不通。Ifoundnobodyinthathouse.在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。小贴士特殊（肯定句与否定句互换词）：1.some变为anyTherearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearen'tanybirdsinthetree.但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?与此相关的一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为orIhaveaknifeandaruler.→Idon'thaveaknifeoraruler.3.alotof(=lotsof)变为many或muchTheyhavealotoffriends.（可数名词）→Theydon'thavemanyfriends.Thereislotsoforangeinthebottle.（不可数名词）→Thereisn'tmuchorangeinthebottle.4.already变为yetIhavebeentherealready.→Ihaven'tbeenthereyet.陈述句专项练习一、基础练习——Be动词（变为否定句）。1.Heisaboy._______________________________________________2.Iamyourfriend._______________________________________________3.Mysisterisabeautifulgirl._______________________________________________4.Mymotherisaworker._______________________________________________5.Theyareintheclassroom.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达，例如：Heishonest.他是诚实的。Heisdishonest.（=Heinnothonest.）他不诚实。Theyhavechildren.他们有小孩。Theyarechildless.=Theydon'thavechildren.他们没有小孩。_______________________________________________6.Therearesomebooksonthebookshelf._______________________________________________7.Iwasathomeyesterday._______________________________________________8.TheywereinBeijingtenyearsago._______________________________________________9.Iamlookingforajobrecently.______________________________________________10.Thestudentsareplayingbasketballintheplayground.______________________________________________二、基础练习——情态动词（变为否定句）。1.Lucywillbebackinaweek.______________________________________________2.Shecansingasonganddrawapicture.______________________________________________3.Youcanusethedictionary.______________________________________________4.Peterneedgohometomorrow.______________________________________________5.Youshouldlineupwhenyouwaitforabus.______________________________________________6.Weneedlearnsomethingtocook.______________________________________________7.Icanwriteabook.______________________________________________8.Youshouldsay“Sorry”tosomebodywhoyouhurthim.______________________________________________9.Hemuststayathometofinishhishomework.______________________________________________10.IcangotoShanghaiZoo.______________________________________________三、基础练习——实意动词（变为否定句）。1.WecomefromChina.______________________________________________2.Welikethemask.______________________________________________3.Helikestheviolin.______________________________________________4.Havesomebread,Tom.______________________________________________5.Pleaseopenyourbooks.______________________________________________6.IlikeChinese、Math、ArtandPE.______________________________________________7.Shehasashowerinthemorning.______________________________________________8.Peterdidlotsofworkinthecompanylastnight.______________________________________________9.Theyhadalotoffuninpasttenyears.______________________________________________10.Iusedtoplaythepiano.______________________________________________四、将下列句子变为否定句，每空一词。1.Thisisadesk.This________adesk.2.Grandpatellsstoriestouseveryevening.Grandpa________________storiestouseveryevening.Hecandrawpictures.3.Hecandrawpictures.He_______drawpictures.4.Hehasanicewatch.He______________anicewatch.5.Theydoalotofhomeworkatschool.They________________alotofhomeworkatschool.6.Youmustplayfootballhere.You________playfootballhere.7.TheyarehavinganEnglishclass.They_______