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八年级上册(Units1~10)英语基础知识Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?一、词组、短语:1、goonvacation去度假,2、stayathome呆在家,3、gotothemountains上山/进山,4、gotothebeach到海边去,5、visitmuseums参观博物馆,6、gotosummercamp去夏令营,7、quiteafew相当多,8、studyfor为……学习,9、goout出去,10、mostofthetime大部分时间11、tastegood尝起来味道好,12、haveagoodtime玩的开心,13、ofcourse当然可以,14、feellike感觉像……/想要,15、goshopping购物,16、inthepast在过去,17、walkaround绕……走,18、toomany太多(可数名词前面),19、becauseof因为,20、onebowlof一碗……,21、findout查出来/发现,22、goon继续,23、takephotos照相,24、somethingimportant重要的事情,25、upanddown上上下下,26、comeup出来二、重要句子(语法):Wheredidyougoonvacation?你到哪里去度假了?IwenttoNewYorkCity.我去了纽约城Didyougooutwithanyone?你出去带人吗?No,Noonewashere.Everyonewasonvacation.不,没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。Didyoubuyanythingspecial?你买了什么特别的东西吗?Yes,Iboughtsomethingformyfather.对,我给父亲买了一些东西。Howwasthefood?食物怎么样?Everythingtastedreallygood.每一样东西真的都好吃。Dideveryonehaveagoodtime?大家玩的开心吗?Oh,yes.Everythingwasexcellent.对,一切都很精彩。三、习惯用法、搭配1.buysth.forab./buysb.sth.为某人买某物2.taste+adj.尝起来……3.nothing….but+V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有4.seem+(tobe)+adj看起来5.arrivein+大地方/arriveat+小地方到达某地6.decidetodosth.决定做某事7.trydoingsth.尝试做某事/trytodosth.尽力做某事8.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事9.wanttodosth.想去做某事10.startdoingsth.开始做某事11.stopdoingsth.停止做某事12.look+adj看起来13.dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事14.Whynotdosth.为什么不做…….呢?15.so+adj+that+从句如此……以至于……16.tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人(不要)做某事17.keepdoingsth.继续做某事18.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事/forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事四、词语辨析:1.1.anywhere与somewhere两者都是不定副词。anywhere在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑问句中。Ican’tfinditanywhere.somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.2.seem+形容词看起来…..Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事Iseemtohaveacold我好像感冒了。Iseems/seemed+从句看起来好像…;似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.seemlike….好像,似乎…..Itseemslikeagodidea.3.decidetodosth.决定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.decide+疑问词+动词不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始,可与begin互换。Hestarteddoinghishomework.但以下几种情况不能用begin.1)1)创办,开办:Hestartedanewbookshoplastmonth.2)2)机器开动:Ican’tstartmycar.3)3)出发,动身:Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.5.over介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)=morethanMyfatherisover40yearsold.在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under相反。Thereisamapovertheblackboard.超过:Ihearthenewsovertheradio.遍及:Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.6.toomany太多,后接可数名词复数:Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.toomuch太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.muchtoo太,修饰形容词或副词。Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.分辨三者的口诀:toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头:much后接不可数,too后修饰形或副。toomany要记住,后面名词必复数。7.becauseof介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.because连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.8常用的感叹句的结构:1)What+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!2)What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!3)How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!4)How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!eg:1.Whataninterestingbookitis!=Howinterestingabookis!那本书多么有趣啊!2.____aclevergirlsheis!A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where3._____cleveragirlsheis!A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Where4._____importantjobstheydid!A.WhatB.WhoC.HowD.Where5._____sweetwateritis!A.WhoB.WhatC.WhereD.How6._____interestingthedogis!A.WhoB.WhatC.WhereD.HowUnit2Howoftendoyouexercise?一、词组、短语:1、helpwithhousework帮助做家务活,2、goshopping购物,3、onweekends在周末,4、howoften多久一次,5、hardlyever几乎不,6、onceaweek每周一次,7、twiceamonth每月二次,8、gotothemovies去看电影,9、everyday每天,10、usetheInternet上网/用网,11、befree有空,12、havedanceandpianolessons上舞蹈钢琴课,13、swingdance摇摆舞14、playtennis打网球,15、stayuplate熬夜,16、atleast至少,17、gotobedearly早睡,18、playsports锻炼身体,19、begoodfor对…有好处,20、gocamping去野营,21、inone’sfreetime在某人的空闲时间,22、not….atall根本不,23、themostpopular最流行,24、suchas例如,25、gotothedentist去看牙医,26、morethan超过/多于,27、Oldhabitsdiehard.旧习惯难改。28、hard=difficult困难的,29、lessthan少于/不到二、重要句子(语法):Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?你周末通常做什么?Ialwaysexercise.总是锻炼身体。Whatdotheydoonweekends?他们周末干什么?Theyoftenhelpwithhousework.他们经常帮助干家务活。Whatdoesshedoonweekends?她周末干什么?Shesometimesgoesshopping.她有时购物。Howoftendoyougotothemovies?你多久看电影一次?Igotothemoviesmaybeonceamonth.可能一个月看一次。HowoftendoeshewatchTV?他多久看电视一次?HehardlyeverwatchesTV.他几乎不看电视。Doyougoshopping?你购物吗?No,Inevergoshopping.不,我从来就不购物。三、习惯用法、搭配1.helpsb.withsth帮助某人做某事2.Howabout…?=Whatabout…?怎么样?3.wantsb.todosth.想让某人做某事4.Howmany+可数名词复数+一般疑问句….有多少…..5.主语+find+that从句…发现…6.It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事是….的7.spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度过时光8.asksb.aboutsth.向某人询问某事9.bydoingsth.通过做某事10.What’syourfavorite…..?你最喜欢的……是什么?11startdoingsth.开始做某事12.thebestwaytodosth.做某事的最好方式四、词语辨析1.howoften多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once,twice,threetimes等词语。Howoftendoyouplaysports?Threetimesaweek.howlong多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。HowlongdoesittaketogettoShanghaifromhere?Howlongistheruler?howfar多远,用来询问距离,指路程的远近。Howfarisitfromheretothepark?It’sabout2kilometers.2.2.free空闲的,有空的,反义词为busy.befree有空,闲着,相当于havetime.I’llbefreenextweek.=I’llhavetimenextweek.还可作“免费的、自由的”解。befreetodosth.自由地做某事。Theticketsarefree.You’refreetogoortostay.3.3.Howcome?怎么会?怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句why,但howcome开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。HowcomeTomdidn’tcometotheparty?=Whydidn’tTomcometotheparty?4.4.stayuplate指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。Don’tstayuplatenexttime.stayup指“熬夜,不睡觉”。Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.5.5.gotobed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.gotosleep强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。Shewassotiredthatshewent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